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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Any-source multicast</span></span>
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<p><b>Any-source multicast</b> (<b>ASM</b>) is the older and more usual form of <a href="Multicast" title="Multicast">multicast</a> where multiple senders can be on the same group/channel, as opposed to <a href="Source-specific_multicast" title="Source-specific multicast">source-specific multicast</a> where a single particular source is specified.
</p><p>Any-source multicast allows a <a href="Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">host</a> computer to map IPs and then sends IPs to a number of groups via <a href="IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>. This method of multicasting allows hosts to transmit to/from groups without any restriction on the location of end-user computers<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3569_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3569-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by allowing any receiving host group computer to become a transmission source.<sup id="cite_ref-birds-eye.net_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birds-eye.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a> usage is nominal allowing <a href="Video_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video conferencing">Video Conferencing</a> to be used extensively.<sup id="cite_ref-springerlink.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-springerlink.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this type of multicast is vulnerable in that it allows for unauthorized traffic and <a href="Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-birds-eye.net_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birds-eye.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Commonly, any-source multicast is used in <a href="Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">IGMP</a> version 2; however, it can also be used in <a href="PIM-SM" class="mw-redirect" title="PIM-SM">PIM-SM</a>, <a href="MSDP" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDP">MSDP</a>, and <a href="MBGP" class="mw-redirect" title="MBGP">MBGP</a>. ASM utilizes <a href="IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a> in association with the previously stated protocols; in addition, <a href="MLDv1" class="mw-redirect" title="MLDv1">MLDv1</a> protocol is used for <a href="IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc3569_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc3569-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2></div>
<ul><li>Scalability for large tasks <sup id="cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieeexplorer.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>The reduction of group management <sup id="cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieeexplorer.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Ability to use existing technologies <sup id="cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieeexplorer.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="IP_multicast" title="IP multicast">IP multicast</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_Group_Management_Protocol" title="Internet Group Management Protocol">Internet Group Management Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="RTCP" class="mw-redirect" title="RTCP">RTCP</a></li>
<li><a href="Xcast" title="Xcast">Xcast</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-rfc3569-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3569_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc3569_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharyya, Supratik (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3569">"RFC 3569 - An Overview of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)"</a>. <i>tools.ietf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-birds-eye.net-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birds-eye.net_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birds-eye.net_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bahlmann, B. (n.d.). ASM - Any Source Multicast. Retrieved January 25, 2011, from Birds-Eye.net: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birds-eye.net/definition/acronym/?id=1164937805">http://www.birds-eye.net/definition/acronym/?id=1164937805</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-springerlink.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-springerlink.com_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bestak, R., Simak, B., Kozlowska, E., Simek, M., Bürget, R., & Komosny, D. (2007). Experiences of Any Source and Source Specific Multicast Implementation in Experimental Networks. Personal Wireless Communications, 245, pp. 468-476.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-ieeexplorer.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ieeexplorer.org_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cui, J.-H., Maggiorini, D., Kim, J., Boussetta, K., & Gerla, M. (2002, March 26). A protocol to improve the state scalability of source specific multicast. Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE, 2, pp. 1899-1904. Los Angeles, CA.</span>
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